Tag Archives: Walt Disney

The Voice of the Voyage: How X Atencio Defined Disney’s Greatest Dark Rides

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Regular readers know of my fondness – no, fanaticism for Walt Disney and the “kingdoms” he created. Having been enamored of Walt Disney since the early 1960s, and expanding the childhood attraction of films and television to visiting parks as a teenager and then as an adult, in all aspects of Disney history, I am truly a Disney nerd.

With that being said, there are two very special attractions found in the U.S. Disney parks that have totally captivated me since my first visit to Walt Disney World in 1975. That captivation means that when I go to the parks, these two attractions are always at the top of my list, and will be ridden many times. (That can be a lot of repeat rides – in one recent year, I was on Disney properties 31 days – more than some seasonal cast members).

You know what I’m talking about, don’t you?

The Pirates of the Caribbean.

The Haunted Mansion.

My attraction to these two attractions may have shown up in various ways…

The Enduring Legacy of Immersion

The Pirates of the Caribbean (1967) and The Haunted Mansion (1969) are not merely rides; they are masterpieces of kinetic storytelling that fundamentally redefined what an immersive theme park experience could be. By blending innovative Audio-Animatronics® technology with sophisticated theatrical techniques – including compelling scripts, iconic theme music, and seamless transitions between scenes – these attractions broke the mold of simple amusement park transportation. 

They set the gold standard by creating completely enveloping, richly detailed worlds that expertly manipulate light, sound, and atmosphere to transport millions of guests from a queue line into a fully realized, three-dimensional narrative. This blend of technical wizardry and timeless, engaging storytelling ensures that their spooky and swashbuckling adventures remain as captivating and popular today as they were over half a century ago.

As I moved from enjoying the attractions to learning all about them, I soon discovered that a single man had a tremendous impact on each. Over the years, as my Disney book collection grew, the name “Xavier “X” Atencio” was mentioned time and again in all phases of their development.

While these references were good, I wanted to know more. X Atencio’s work was a masterclass in immersive attraction design, and I knew there was more to his story.

Finally, his life story is available in a newly released book!

This book, Xavier ‘X’ Atencio: the Legacy of an Artist, Imagineer, and Disney Legend by Tori Atencio McCullough, Kelsey McCullough, and Bobbie Lucas, is a deeply personal and comprehensive celebration of one of the Walt Disney Company’s most versatile and beloved creative minds.

The book provides the most complete look to date at the life and career of Francis Xavier “X” Atencio (1919-2017), an original Disney Imagineer who was honored as a Disney Legend in 1996. The narrative traces X’s journey from his early life to his retirement, set against the backdrop of the historic and creative evolution of The Walt Disney Company.

  • Early Career & Animator: X began his career at Disney at the age of 18 in 1938 as an apprentice animator, contributing to classics like Pinocchio. His work was interrupted by service in the U.S. Army during World War II. Upon his return, he continued to work on animated shorts, including becoming an expert on Goofy, and worked on special projects, including stop-motion for films like Mary Poppins.
  • Transition to Imagineering: In 1965, at Walt Disney’s personal invitation, X officially transferred to WED Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering). Despite initial uncertainty about his new role, he became a pivotal figure in theme park storytelling.
  • Defining Legacy: His most famous and enduring contributions are the attractions for which he wrote the scripts and, crucially, the immortal lyrics for their theme songs:
    • “Yo Ho (A Pirate’s Life for Me)” for Pirates of the Caribbean.
    • “Grim Grinning Ghosts” for The Haunted Mansion.
    • His talents extended to writing scripts and dialogue for attractions like Adventure Thru Inner Space and the Country Bear Jamboree.
  • Later Career & Retirement: X played a key role in the development of EPCOT attractions, including Spaceship Earth and El Rio del Tiempo, and contributed to the opening of Tokyo Disneyland before his retirement in 1984.

The book is uniquely personal, written by his eldest daughter, Tori Atencio McCullough (a former Imagineer herself), his eldest granddaughter, Kelsey McCullough, and a close family friend, Bobbie Lucas. It features a wealth of previously unpublished artwork and photographs from X’s personal collection.

In the annals of Walt Disney Imagineering, few figures possess the quiet, multidisciplinary significance of Francis Xavier Atencio – known to generations of colleagues and fans simply as “X.” Spanning a remarkable 46-year career with The Walt Disney Company, Atencio began as an animator on classic animated films before being personally requested by Walt Disney in 1965 to join the burgeoning creative division known as WED Enterprises (now Imagineering).

This late-career pivot, which saw the animator transform into a narrative architect, was key to shaping the thematic landscape of the Disney Parks. Atencio was initially unsure of the move, recalling, “I went over there reluctantly because I didn’t know what I was getting into”. Yet, Walt believed in his untapped potential, asking Atencio to “stretch his talents” into storytelling. After a brief tenure on small projects , Atencio received the definitive assignment from Walt that would cement his legacy: “I want you to do the script for the Pirates of the Caribbean”.

Atencio’s genius lay in his ability to synchronize script, visual gags, and – most importantly – music, creating attractions that were profoundly immersive and tonally coherent. His dual mastery as both artist and writer positioned him as arguably the first Imagineer to successfully integrate these roles, ensuring the writer’s vision flowed directly into the ride’s auditory and emotional execution. This skill defined the tone of Disneyland’s two foundational dark rides: Pirates of the Caribbean and The Haunted Mansion.

Yo Ho: The Pirate Problem Solver

When Atencio was tasked with scripting Pirates of the Caribbean, Imagineers like Marc Davis had already conceptualized many elaborate, comedic scenes featuring Audio-Animatronics figures. The major internal challenge was figuring out how to thread these vignettes into a single, cohesive narrative and, critically, how to handle the pirates’ morally dubious, often “lecherous behavior” in a family park. Walt Disney was reportedly concerned about the guests’ reaction to the general criminality of the characters.

Atencio provided the definitive solution: a song. He convinced Walt that a rousing sea shanty could “soften up these hardened criminals” and provide a strong sense of continuity that tied the dozens of scenes together. He immediately developed the central concept, drawing inspiration from the classic nautical phrase “Yo-ho-ho and a bottle of rum”. He delivered the melody and the core refrain – “Yo ho, yo ho, a pirate’s life for me” – directly to Walt, who instantly approved. Atencio served as the lyricist, crafting the lyrics that cheerfully recount theft and plunder, and was paired with composer George Bruns to score the music. The resulting song, “Yo Ho (A Pirate’s Life for Me),” became an anthem, reframing scenes of looting and villainy as boisterous, theatrical fun.

Atencio’s connection to the ride went beyond the lyrical. He also provided several vocal performances for the attraction. He voiced the recognizable Talking Skull situated just before the drop into the main ride area, and the drunken pirate who heckles the auctioneer. Furthermore, due to time constraints and the cost of recalling professional voice actors late in development, Atencio’s voice was used for the functional safety spiel in the Disneyland version, ensuring the ride’s audio integrity was maintained under pressure.

Grim Grinning Ghosts: The Playful Macabre

Following the swashbuckling success of Pirates of the Caribbean, Atencio was given the complex task of writing the script and lyrics for The Haunted Mansion. This project was complicated by a deep creative rift among Imagineers: some favored a genuinely terrifying house of horrors, while others advocated for a purely humorous experience.

Atencio mediated this tension by defining a tone of “Playful Macabre.” His central narrative concept was that the mansion’s 999 “happy haunts” weren’t necessarily focused on frightening guests, but primarily wanted to “socialize” with them. Walt Disney approved of this defining concept, recognizing that “Socialize” was the key word that balanced the dread with Disney’s family-friendly ethos.

Atencio’s dialogue set the stage for the attraction’s macabre humor, beginning with the iconic, chilling greeting from the Ghost Host: “Welcome, foolish mortals, to the Haunted Mansion”. He established the central, repeating premise that the ghosts were actively looking for a 1,000th member to join their party, providing a comfortable, repeatable framework for the eerie tour: “Actually, we have 999 happy haunts here — but there’s room for 1,000. Any volunteers?”.

For the attraction’s theme song, Atencio collaborated with composer Buddy Baker to create “Grim Grinning Ghosts (The Screaming Song)”. The title itself was an intentional nod to Shakespeare’s poem Venus and Adonis, setting a tone that deliberately juxtaposed the eerie with the humorous. Like “Yo Ho,” the song acted as a thematic glue, its melody adapted for organs, choirs, and full ensembles to underscore every scene, from the somber opening to the lively graveyard party.

And, as he did with the pirates, Atencio lent his voice to the mansion, providing the vocals for the Coffin Ghost located in the Conservatory scene. Furthermore, his authoritative yet calming voice is still heard in the Disneyland attraction, delivering the emergency spiel with the now-famous phraseology: “Playful spooks have interrupted our tour. Please remain seated in your… Doom Buggy”.

Atencio retired from the Company in 1984, but his legacy remains unsurpassed. As the scriptwriter and lyricist for Pirates of the Caribbean and The Haunted Mansion, he provided the distinct narrative voice and enduring musical themes that continue to captivate guests today. His work established the creative standards for immersive, Audio-Animatronics-based storytelling, earning him the prestigious title of Disney Legend in 1996.

As an amateur Disney historian, I view Xavier “X” Atencio: The Legacy of an Artist, Imagineer, and Disney Legend as an essential and exceptionally satisfying addition to my 500+ volume Disney library, offering an intimate perspective that is often missing from typical corporate biographies.

  • Intimate and Personal Tone: Because the book is written by his family, it offers a beautifully nuanced and warm portrait of the man behind the magic. Readers learn about X’s humility, humor, continuous curiosity, and his devotion to his family, providing a richer understanding of his character alongside his achievements.
  • Inspirational Creative Process: The text does a masterful job of illustrating X’s storytelling philosophy – that Disney stories should be layered, alive, and endlessly rewarding. Reading about his ability to transition seamlessly from animation to theme park lyricist and scriptwriter offers a valuable look at the creative DNA of Disneyland’s most classic attractions.
  • Rich Visual Content: The large-format hardcover is visually gorgeous, featuring rare photos from the Disney archives alongside candid family snapshots. The inclusion of his personal artwork and photos grants a unique look into his private life and professional process.
  • A Well-Deserved Tribute: The book thoroughly documents X’s diversified resume – a man who worked across decades of Disney’s evolution – from animator to one of Walt’s most trusted and versatile Imagineers. His life serves as a lesson in achieving an enormous creative mark through imagination and generosity.

The authors successfully capture the spirit of X Atencio – a Disney fan who greatly admired Walt, but never aspired to be Walt, instead finding and cultivating his own unique genius. For anyone who has ever hummed the tunes of a pirate or a hitchhiking ghost, this book is not just a biography, but a heartfelt thank you to a true Disney Legend whose imagination made the parks sing.

Part of a regular series on 27gen, entitled Wednesday Weekly Reader.

During my elementary school years one of the things I looked forward to the most was the delivery of “My Weekly Reader,” a weekly educational magazine designed for children and containing news-based current events.

It became a regular part of my love for reading, and helped develop my curiosity about the world around us.

The Christmas Boots That Changed Walt Disney’s Life

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Long before Mickey Mouse and Disneyland, a thirteen-year-old Walt Disney had simpler dreams: a fashionable pair of high leather boots with metal toes and decorative strips over the laces. It was 1914, and every kid at school seemed to own a pair. 

What Walt couldn’t have known was that this Christmas gift would become a turning point that would shape his entire future – though not in the way anyone expected.

In the Vault of Walt Christmas Edition, author Jim Korkis – one of the most respected chroniclers of Disney history – curates a festive collection of essays exploring how Christmas traditions have woven themselves into the fabric of Disney storytelling, parks, films, and corporate legacy.

The book is structured as a series of standalone chapters, each spotlighting a specific piece of Disney Christmas lore. Topics include:

  • Walt Disney’s personal Christmas traditions, including anecdotes about the Disney family’s holiday rituals at home and in the studio.
  • Behind-the-scenes stories of classic Disney Christmas productions, such as Mickey’s Christmas Carol, Babes in Toyland, and various holiday television specials.
  • The evolution of Disneyland and Walt Disney World holiday celebrations, from early parades and decor to today’s highly orchestrated seasonal events.
  • Obscure and rarely told stories, such as abandoned concepts for Christmas attractions, little-known character appearances, and holiday tie-ins with Disney marketing and merchandising.

True to the Vault of Walt series, the book presents a mixture of deep archival digging, oral histories, and Korkis’s signature informal, conversational storytelling.

As an example, here’s a little-known story from Walt’s childhood that literally changed his destiny…

A Newsboy’s Hard Life

Young Walt’s childhood in Kansas City was far from magical. Working as a newsboy on a route owned by his father Elias, Walt experienced hardships that would stay with him forever. His days began at 3:00 in the morning, when most children were still sleeping soundly. By 3:30 a.m., he’d already be out in the brutal Kansas City winters, trudging through snow and slush to deliver newspapers. He’d barely make it back in time for school, exhausted before his day had truly begun.

When Walt spotted those stylish boots, he saw more than just a fashion statement. He tried to convince his father they were practical – they’d give him better traction in the slush and rain, helping him deliver papers more quickly. But Elias Disney wasn’t buying the argument. Money was desperately tight, and such extravagances were out of the question.

Walt persisted, hoping the boots might appear for his birthday on December 5th. Instead, he received something practical and forgettable. With his birthday falling so close to Christmas, Walt often had to settle for one gift to cover both occasions.

A Mother’s Secret Sacrifice

What Walt didn’t know was that his mother Flora had been quietly setting aside pennies from the housekeeping budget, hiding her savings from her husband. Walt’s older brother Roy had found extra work and contributed his earnings to the cause. Together, they made the impossible possible.

On Christmas morning, there beneath the tree sat a wrapped package. When Walt tore it open, his face lit up with pure joy. The boots were finally his.

Pride Before the Fall

Unable to contain his excitement, Walt immediately put on his prized boots and ran downtown. He positioned himself against a drugstore at the intersection of Thirty-First and Indiana, hoping his school friends might pass by and see his new footwear. It was an unusually warm winter, and the ice had begun to melt.

As darkness fell around six o’clock, Walt started walking home. The streets were filled with chunks of ice – remnants of winter that melted first on the roadway. With his new boots, Walt invented a game to pass the time: kicking the hunks of ice across the street, experimenting with different angles and force.

Then came the kick that changed everything.

Trapped in the Twilight

Walt approached what seemed like just another chunk of ice. But when his boot made contact, he couldn’t pull his foot back. Panic set in as he realized the horrible truth: a large horseshoe nail frozen in that block of ice had pierced straight through his new boot and into his foot. He was stuck to the ice, unable to move.

The street was empty. Everyone was home celebrating with family. Walt yanked and pulled, but without leverage, escape was impossible. He began shouting for help, frantically waving at passing streetcars. People looked at him and continued on their way, assuming he was just a kid playing around.

For more than twenty minutes, Walt remained trapped on that darkening street, fear mounting with each passing moment. Finally, a horse-drawn delivery wagon approached. The driver initially didn’t believe the boy’s cries for help and started to move on – until Walt broke into tears.

The driver got down and assessed the situation. He had to fetch a tool to chop the ice loose, then carried the small, frail boy to a nearby doctor’s office. Without any anesthetic to ease the pain, Walt had to endure the doctor cutting off his boot and using metal pliers to dig out the nail while two men held him down. After cleaning the wound came the dreaded tetanus shot.

Adding insult to injury, Walt’s father had to be called to pick him up and pay the medical bill.

Two Weeks That Shaped a Legacy

Walt spent two weeks laid up on the living room couch with his foot elevated, consumed by guilt and shame. The boots his mother and brother had sacrificed for were destroyed. The family could never afford another pair. Nightmares of being trapped alone on that cold, darkening street haunted his sleep.

With no school, radio, or other entertainment, Walt had only books and a sketch pad given by his aunt. He had once considered becoming a doctor or lawyer, but his exhausting work schedule left him catching catnaps in class and missing important lessons. He lacked the grades for a good college, and his family couldn’t afford tuition anyway.

During those two weeks of convalescence, something crystallized in Walt’s mind. He realized he loved cartooning. His drawings earned chuckles at the local barbershop, where the barber would accept cartoons as payment and display them in the window. His classmates loved his work. Each day, when his mother delivered his homework assignments, she’d drop off his cartoons and return with reports of enthusiastic reactions.

By the time his foot healed, Walt Disney had made a firm decision: he would become a professional cartoonist.

The Gift That Kept Giving

Reluctantly, Elias allowed Walt to take Saturday morning art lessons at the Kansas City Art Institute. When the family moved to Chicago, Walt pursued classes at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, studying three nights a week after school. As his daughter Diane later recalled, Walt loved being at a drawing board so much that he’d hold off going to the bathroom until class ended.

Almost three years after that fateful Christmas, Walt returned from serving with the Red Cross Ambulance Corps in France, ready to pursue his cartooning dreams.

Those Christmas boots – longed for, briefly cherished, and tragically destroyed – became the unexpected gift that gave the world Walt Disney. Sometimes the most transformative presents aren’t the ones we keep, but the ones that force us to discover who we’re truly meant to become.

A Gift for Fans of Disney Lore

The Vault of Walt Christmas Edition stands out as one of the more personal and intimate volumes in Korkis’s long-running series. Christmas already carries emotional weight for many readers, and Korkis skillfully blends that sentimentality with his extraordinary knowledge of Disney history.

  • Rich, Primary-Source Material: Korkis’s strength has always been his access – to artists, Imagineers, animators, and studio staff – and he uses it here to paint a vivid picture of how Walt Disney approached the holidays both personally and professionally. Chapters about Walt’s own family are particularly compelling and help humanize a figure many only know in mythic form.
  • Deep Cuts for Enthusiasts: Hard-to-find stories are where this book shines. Fans who think they “know everything” about Disney Christmas will discover, including: abandoned scripts, forgotten televised specials, rare park entertainment initiatives, and internal studio celebrations from the 1940s–1960s. These chapters reflect the best of Disney historiography: carefully researched, yet told with warmth.
  • Accessible for Casual Readers: While Disney historians will appreciate the depth, the writing style makes the book approachable for anyone. The standalone essay format means readers can dip in and out like opening doors on an Advent calendar – each chapter its own small surprise.
  • Tone and Style: Korkis’s voice is friendly, nostalgic, and occasionally humorous. He avoids academic dryness without sacrificing accuracy – a tricky balance he manages well.

As with all Vault of Walt books, the essay structure can feel slightly episodic; readers looking for a single cohesive narrative may prefer other histories. But this format is also part of the series’ charm.

A warm, meticulously researched, and heartfelt exploration of Disney’s holiday heritage.
For anyone fascinated by Disney parks, animation history, or Walt Disney himself, The Vault of Walt Christmas Edition is a delightful seasonal read packed with stories that rarely appear in official company publications. It captures the magic of both Christmas and Disney in equal measure – an ideal addition to any Disney historian’s bookshelf.

Part of a regular series on 27gen, entitled Wednesday Weekly Reader.

During my elementary school years one of the things I looked forward to the most was the delivery of “My Weekly Reader,” a weekly educational magazine designed for children and containing news-based current events.

It became a regular part of my love for reading, and helped develop my curiosity about the world around us.

A Spoonful of Conflict: The Real Story of Walt Disney, P.L. Travers, and the Sherman Brothers from the “Making of Mary Poppins”

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Todd James Pierce’s new book Making Mary Poppins is an essential read for anyone interested in the making of the 1964 classic Mary Poppins or the complex dynamics of creative adaptation. It excels by moving beyond the warm, “feel good” mythologies presented in the film Saving Mr. Banks to deliver a detailed, academic, yet highly engaging account.

The central thesis isn’t the magic of Disney, but the three-way dynamic interplay between Walt Disney’s vision for family entertainment, P.L. Travers’ fiercely protective, esoteric, and ultimately more somber literary vision, and an unlikely pair of brothers who delivered musical magic.

When we watch “Mary Poppins” today, we see seamless magic – Julie Andrews descending from the clouds, Dick Van Dyke dancing across rooftops, and a spoonful of sugar making everything delightful. What we don’t see is the extraordinary twenty-year war of wills that made this masterpiece possible, a conflict between two creative, stubborn individuals with fundamentally opposing visions of what children’s entertainment should be paired with an unlikely duo of musical brothers.

Beyond the Fairy Tale

If you’ve seen Saving Mr. Banks, you know the Hollywood version of this story – a heartwarming tale of Walt Disney melting the icy heart of difficult author P.L. Travers. The reality, as revealed in Pierce’s exhaustive research, is far more complex, fascinating, and revealing about the nature of creative adaptation. This wasn’t a story of one person being right and another being wrong. It was a collision between two legitimate but incompatible artistic philosophies, each championed by a brilliant, stubborn creator who refused to compromise their core values.

The Woman Who Wouldn’t Be Charmed

P.L. Travers was not simply obstinate, as she’s often portrayed. She was a deeply private literary artist who viewed Mary Poppins as something almost sacred – a mystical figure drawn from esoteric traditions, mythology, and her own complex inner world. To Travers, Mary Poppins wasn’t meant to be likable or warm. She was meant to be transformative, enigmatic, and even frightening at times.

For two decades, Walt Disney pursued her, not with simple charm but with persistent negotiations, contract loopholes, and the considerable financial leverage of his studio. Travers resisted because she understood something fundamental: Disney didn’t just want to adapt her books. He wanted to translate them into an entirely different language – the language of American family entertainment, with its emphasis on optimism, sentiment, and emotional transparency.

Her concerns were genuine and literary. She worried that additions like the animated penguin sequence or the nonsense word “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious” would strip away the story’s emotional and mystical core, replacing depth with spectacle. She feared her complex character would be flattened into mere cheerfulness. And in many ways, she was right to worry – Disney absolutely intended to transform her creation. The miracle is that the final film somehow honored both visions.

Walt’s Last Great Crusade

For Walt Disney in the early 1960s, Mary Poppins represented something personal and urgent. This was his last major attempt to personally champion a new type of feature film, one that could blend live-action sophistication with the enchantment that had made his animated features legendary. He was deeply involved in every aspect, viewing the project through his famous three-part creative lens: as dreamer, as realist, and as critic.

Disney’s genius manifested in unexpected ways on set. He possessed an unusual ability to tour a finished set, examine the physical props and environments, and spontaneously generate comedic moments and bits of character business. Associates described watching him immerse himself in a scene, feeling every expression and reaction, discovering spontaneous ways the characters might interact with their world. The famous color-changing medicine trick – a multi-chambered prop bottle that elicited genuine surprise from the child actors – exemplified this approach. Disney understood that magic needed to feel immediate and real, not just technically proficient.

His team had to navigate Travers’ constantly shifting demands, often placating her while simultaneously moving the production forward. It was a delicate dance, requiring both respect for her concerns and commitment to Disney’s own vision of what the film needed to be.

The Unsung Heroes: Robert and Richard Sherman

Between these two powerful personalities stood Robert and Richard Sherman, the musical brothers who became the creative buffers this impossible project required. Their background made them uniquely qualified for this nearly impossible task.

As sons of Tin Pan Alley songwriter Al Sherman, they’d grown up immersed in American popular song, learning to write music that was accessible, catchy, and told complete stories in three minutes. Their early success with pop hits like “Tall Paul” gave them an ear for contemporary arrangements that would keep the songs from sounding dated. When Walt hired them in 1960, they became his in-house composers, creating music for theme park attractions and films, absorbing the Disney philosophy of balancing fantasy, family appeal, and narrative clarity.

Mary Poppins demanded unprecedented range from them. They had to satisfy Walt’s desire for spectacle while accommodating Travers’ demand for psychological complexity – and somehow make these opposing requirements work together.

Their musical discipline allowed them to write songs that spoke directly to characters’ inner lives. “The Life I Lead” and “A Man Has Dreams” are almost operatic in their dramatic focus on Mr. Banks’ misery and eventual epiphany – far more complex than typical Disney fare. “Feed the Birds,” Walt’s personal favorite, embodied the gentle yet profound message of charity and neglected beauty that resonated with Travers’ deeper themes.

Simultaneously, their Disney experience enabled them to create grand spectacle numbers like “Jolly Holiday” and “Step in Time,” with complex rhythmic structures and vivid imagery perfectly tailored for animation and cinematic choreography.

Their masterwork of balance might be “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious” – pure Disney showmanship and fun, yet cleverly framed by Bert as something to say when you haven’t anything to say, subtly aligning with Travers’ theme of language’s limitations. The Sherman Brothers were equipped with the technical skill of pop writers and the thematic understanding of Disney collaborators, enabling them to create a score that was simultaneously a commercial smash and a deeply textured, narrative-driven masterpiece.

The Transformation of Bert

One of the most significant creative departures from Travers’ original books was the character of Bert. In the novel, he’s a minor figure – a “Match Man” who briefly appears as a chalk artist and has tea with Mary Poppins in one of his drawings before largely disappearing from the narrative.

Disney and the Sherman Brothers recognized that the film’s episodic structure needed a friendly, recurring presence to hold it together. They expanded Bert into a jack-of-all-trades figure, positioning him as Mary Poppins’ confidant and an unofficial narrator guiding the audience and the Banks children through the magic.

Bert cycles through several distinct jobs throughout the film: one-man band and pavement artist (leading to the animated “Jolly Holiday” sequence), chimney sweep (leading to “Step in Time”), and kite seller (providing the means for Mr. Banks’ ultimate redemption). This continuous presence allowed Bert to act as a foil to Mr. Banks – a poor, happy grown-up versus a wealthy, miserable one – providing the structural glue that held the musical’s fantastical segments together.

Dick Van Dyke’s warm, accessible performance made Bert the audience’s entry point into Mary Poppins’ world, a creative decision that Travers initially resisted but which proved essential to the film’s success.

The Messy Reality of Creative Genius

What emerges from Pierce’s detailed historical account is a truth that Hollywood prefers to gloss over: great art often comes from friction, not harmony. The enduring magic of Mary Poppins lies not just in its performances or technical effects, but in the volatile yet ultimately productive tension between opposing creative visions.

Travers never fully made peace with the adaptation. Disney never fully understood why she couldn’t see the magic he was creating. The Sherman Brothers spent years caught between them, somehow finding ways to honor both perspectives. And from this uncomfortable, frustrating, brilliant process came a film that has enchanted audiences for six decades.

The real story behind “Mary Poppins” isn’t about one genius bending another to their will. It’s about the messy, human reality of creative compromise – about what happens when talented, passionate people with fundamentally different values are forced to work together. Sometimes, just sometimes, the result transcends what any single vision could have achieved alone.

That’s the real magic worth remembering.

Making Mary Poppins is a must-have for any serious Disney library. While I have long been fascinated with the original movie, and have multiple books on both P.L. Travers and the Disney movies and stage productions, this book delivers extraordinary behind the scene stories from the key players who made the magic.

This article is the first of four planned for December, three highlighting brand new Disney books just released and one classic about Christmas and Disney:

Part of a regular series on 27gen, entitled Wednesday Weekly Reader.

During my elementary school years one of the things I looked forward to the most was the delivery of “My Weekly Reader,” a weekly educational magazine designed for children and containing news-based current events.

It became a regular part of my love for reading, and helped develop my curiosity about the world around us.

Two Mary Poppins: The Book(s) vs. The Movie(s)

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I was six years old in the summer of 1964 when my mother took me to see my first movie in a theater. The lights dimmed, the curtains parted, and there she was – Mary Poppins, floating down from the clouds with her parrot-headed umbrella, about to change the Banks family forever. That experience imprinted itself on my memory: Julie Andrews’s crisp British accent, the animated penguins, the magic of it all. For decades, that was Mary Poppins to me. It wasn’t until much later that I discovered P.L. Travers’s original books and realized I’d only met half the story.

For most people, this is the definitive Mary Poppins – cheerful, warm, and practically perfect in every way. But P.L. Travers, who created the character in 1934, had a very different vision in mind.

Of course, it was necessary to pop back into my Mary Poppins library to refresh my memory in preparation for writing about a newly-released book, Making Mary Poppins (article coming soon).

The Mary Poppins of the Books

P.L. Travers introduced Mary Poppins to the world in her first novel, simply titled Mary Poppins, and continued her story across seven more books spanning over five decades, concluding with Mary Poppins and the House Next Door in 1988. In these pages lives a Mary Poppins who would likely terrify the children who grew up watching the Disney film.

Travers’s Mary Poppins is vain, brusque, and often downright rude. She is obsessed with her appearance, constantly admiring herself in shop windows and mirrors. When the children ask her questions, she frequently responds with a sharp “I never explain anything” or denies that magical events ever happened, even when the children witnessed them firsthand. She is enigmatic and unknowable, maintaining an emotional distance that keeps everyone – including the reader – perpetually off-balance.

This Mary Poppins doesn’t coddle. She expects immediate obedience and has little patience for nonsense. Her severity is palpable; she can silence a room with a glance. Yet despite her stern demeanor, the Banks children adore her with an intensity that borders on desperation. They fear her departure more than anything, knowing instinctively that she appears and disappears according to her own mysterious rules, carried on the East Wind and departing on the West.

The magic in Travers’s books is strange and often unsettling. Mary Poppins takes the children to visit her uncle who floats helplessly near the ceiling when seized by laughter. They meet the Bird Woman, communicate with infants who still remember the language of sunlight and wind, and journey to the edges of the world where mythological figures reside. These adventures feel ancient and mythic, drawing from folklore and fairy tale traditions where magic is powerful, capricious, and not necessarily kind.

Travers, who studied mythology and mysticism throughout her life, imbued her nanny with archetypal power. Mary Poppins is less a caregiver than a liminal figure – a bridge between the mundane world and realms of wonder, part governess and part goddess. She belongs to no one, answers to no one, and her true nature remains forever just out of reach.

The Mary Poppins of Disney

When Walt Disney released his film adaptation in 1964, he created something entirely different – a Mary Poppins designed to charm American audiences and become a beloved family classic. Julie Andrews’ portrayal transformed the character into someone warmer, gentler, and far more accessible.

Disney’s Mary Poppins still has high standards and maintains a certain formality, but she’s fundamentally kind. She smiles readily, shows genuine affection for Jane and Michael Banks, and clearly enjoys their company. When she arrives at 17 Cherry Tree Lane, she brings not just magic but joy. Her adventures – jumping into chalk pavement drawings, having tea parties on the ceiling, and visiting Uncle Albert’s laugh-filled floating sessions – are whimsical and delightful rather than mysterious and slightly dangerous.

This Mary Poppins teaches lessons explicitly rather than through enigmatic experiences. She sings about staying positive (“A Spoonful of Sugar”), seeing potential in everyone (“Sister Suffragette” notwithstanding), and the importance of finding wonder in ordinary life. The film adds the subplot of Mr. Banks’s redemption, making Mary Poppins instrumental in healing the entire family, not just entertaining the children.

Perhaps most significantly, Disney’s version explains her magic and makes her motivations clear. She comes to fix the Banks family, and once her work is complete, she leaves – sad to go, but satisfied. The film gives her emotional transparency that Travers’s character never possesses. Julie Andrews plays her with twinkling eyes and barely suppressed delight in her own cleverness, making the audience feel they’re in on the joke.

The musical score by the Sherman Brothers became inseparable from the character. Songs like “Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious” and “Chim Chim Cher-ee” are now cultural touchstones, their melodies instantly recognizable decades later. This Mary Poppins is Technicolor optimism incarnate, a nanny who makes everything better through a combination of magic, music, and good old-fashioned love.

Disney’s commitment to their version of Mary Poppins has only deepened over time. The 2013 film Saving Mr. Banks dramatized the contentious relationship between Walt Disney and P.L. Travers during the original film’s development, revealing how fiercely Travers fought against Disney’s softening of her character – a battle she ultimately lost but never accepted. More recently, Mary Poppins Returns (2018) brought Emily Blunt to Cherry Tree Lane as an older Mary Poppins returning to help the next generation of Banks children. While Blunt’s portrayal incorporated slightly more of Travers’s tartness than Andrews’s version, the film remained firmly in Disney’s magical, musical tradition, proving that their interpretation has become the definitive one in popular culture.

Why She Endures

So why has Mary Poppins – in both her incarnations – captivated audiences for over ninety years? The answer lies in what both versions share despite their differences.

At her core, Mary Poppins represents something children desperately need and adults nostalgically remember: the presence of someone utterly competent and unflappable who makes life extraordinary. Whether stern or sweet, she possesses absolute confidence and capability. In a chaotic world, she is certain. She knows exactly what to do in every situation, and she does it.

Both versions offer escape into wonder. Whether through Travers’s mythic strangeness or Disney’s musical whimsy, Mary Poppins proves that magic exists alongside the ordinary. She validates children’s intuition that the world contains more than what adults acknowledge—that truth and wonder aren’t opposites but companions.

Additionally, Mary Poppins serves as a bridge between childhood and adulthood. She respects children’s experiences and emotions while maintaining adult authority. She takes their concerns seriously without diminishing her own power. This balance is rare in children’s literature and film, and it resonates deeply.

Finally, there’s the bittersweet element of her departure. Mary Poppins never stays. This temporary quality makes her precious – a golden season that must end, teaching children about impermanence while giving them something beautiful to remember. She proves that endings don’t negate meaning; rather, they concentrate it.

Whether you prefer the mysterious, mythic nanny of the books or the singing, smiling governess of screen and stage, Mary Poppins endures because she embodies a timeless promise: that somewhere, somehow, there exists someone who can make everything better, at least for a while. And in that promise lies a magic more powerful than flying umbrellas or enchanted carpetbags – the magic of hope itself.

In August 2016, during a month-long, daily teaser to my children and grandchildren prior to our week-long Walt Disney World Trip, here was the image and text 17 days prior:

In 1964 Walt Disney combined unforgettable performances, memorable songs, and wonderful special effects into one of Hollywood’s biggest hits, “Mary Poppins.”

Mary Poppins is a proper British nanny who is “practically perfect in every way” and can do almost anything. Flying via umbrella into the Banks household at No. 17 Cherry Tree Lane, Mary Poppins arrives to help put the household back in order. Along the way, we are introduced to a wonderful cast of characters including Bert, Constable Jones, Admiral Boom, the Banks household staff, Uncle Albert, the directors of the Dawes, Tomes, Mousely, Grubbs Fidelity Fiduciary Bank, and a host of animated characters.

Those special effects work on “Mary Poppins” was the most challenging Disney Studios had ever attempted. With live-action characters popping into chalk drawings, amazing musical and choreography, and a heart-tugging story, “Mary Poppins” remains one of Disney’s most beloved family films.

At Walt Disney World Mary Poppins can be found in Town Square at the Magic Kingdom and in England at Epcot.

On a personal note, “Mary Poppins” is GrandBob’s favorite Disney live-action movie, and he has been known to turn the family room into a theater reminiscent of the movie’s premier at Grauman’s Chinese Theater. 

With facsimile tickets. 

Really.

The Soundtrack of Imagination: Walt Disney’s Musical Vision

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From the humble beginnings of a whistling steamboat to the sprawling, immersive worlds of modern theme parks, the Walt Disney Company has masterfully woven music into the very fabric of its storytelling. As an amateur Disney historian dedicated to understanding all the many facets of the enduring legacy of Walt Disney as well as a music lover, I can attest that music has been far more than a mere accompaniment; it’s the very heartbeat of the Disney brand, a powerful tool for emotional connection and brand building that has resonated across generations.

My personal connection to Walt Disney and music go back to Mary Poppins, the first Walt Disney movie I can remember seeing in a theater in 1964. An amazing visual feast, it also contains the earliest Walt Disney music from my memories.

Mary Poppins was produced as a full-scale musical, and the musical talents of the lyric and song writers (Bob and Dick Sherman) and the arranger (Irwin Kostal) paired beautifully with the voice of actress Julie Andrews to become the quintessential Walt Disney film. Critic Leonard Maltin commented that “Every song in the film suits its context perfectly and conveys emotions and ideas otherwise unexpressed in the dialogue.”

From my perspective even 61 years later, Mary Poppins represents the best of what Walt Disney and the entire Disney studio create with its magical blend of story, animation, live action, and of course, music.

What made the music of Disney’s movies so magical?

In this Wednesday Weekly Reader, I’m going to look at the magic of Disney music through the pages of three books:

The Musical World of Walt Disney presents the stories behind the music of Disney films, television productions, and other entertainment projects – how the songs were composed, why certain songs were created, the role that music played within the films, and a look at the people responsible for the classic words and music.

Whether you have played, sung, whistled, or even hummed any of the memorable Disney songs, you’ll enjoy takin a trip through Disney’s musical world.

The colorful illustrations and photographs of classic Disney characters included in the book will take on new meaning as the evolution of the music is traced throughout the years of Disney film production.

Here’s your ticket to the magical kingdom of Disney music; – a book that why entire family will enjoy as you explore the fascinating Musical World of Walt Disney.

In Music in Disney’s Animated Features James Bohn investigates how music functions in Disney animated films and identifies several vanguard techniques used in them. In addition, he also presents a history of music in Disney animated films, as well as biographical information on several of the Walt Disney Studios’ seminal composers.

The popularity and critical acclaim of Disney animated features truly is built as much on music as it is on animation. Beginning with Steamboat Willie and continuing through all of the animated features created under Disney’s personal supervision, music was the organizing element of Disney’s animation. Songs establish character, aid in narrative, and fashion the backbone of the Studios’ movies from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs through The Jungle Book and beyond.

Bohn underscores these points while presenting a detailed history of music in Disney’s animated films. The book includes research done at the Walt Disney Archives as well as materials gathered from numerous other facilities. In his research of the Studios’ notable composers, Bohn includes perspectives from family members, thus lending a personal dimension to his presentation of the magical Studios’ musical history. The volume’s numerous musical examples demonstrate techniques used throughout the Studios’ animated classics.

Songs written for Disney productions over the decades have become a potent part of American popular culture. Since most Americans first discovered these songs in their youth, they hold a special place in one’s consciousness. 

The Disney Song Encyclopedia describes and discusses hundreds of famous and not-so-famous songs from Disney films, television, Broadway, and theme parks from the 1930s to the present day. Over 900 songs are given individual entries and presented in alphabetical order. The songwriters and original singers are identified, as well as the source of the song and other venues in which it might have been used over the years. Notable recordings of the song are also listed. 

But most important, the song is described and what makes it memorable is discussed. This is not a reference list but a true encyclopedia of Disney songs. The book also contains a preface describing the criteria for selecting the songs, a glossary of song terms, a list of all the Disney songs and their sources, a songwriter’s directory in which every song by each composer/lyricist is listed, a bibliography, a guide to recordings and DVDs of Disney productions, and an index of people and titles.

Walt Disney, a man of profound intuition and artistic vision, understood the transformative power of sound. In Steamboat Willie (1928), the synchronized clanging and jaunty melodies weren’t just a novelty; they were a revelation. They imbued the animated world with a sense of life and immediacy, forging a direct emotional link with the audience. This early innovation set the stage for Disney’s unwavering commitment to musical excellence, a commitment that has consistently placed music at the forefront of its creative endeavors.

Interestingly, Walt Disney had no formal musical training. He was primarily a cartoonist and filmmaker who recognized something profound: music could breathe life into animation. “There’s a terrific power to music,” Disney once told his staff “You can run these pictures and they’d be dragging and boring, but the minute you put music behind them, they have life and vitality they don’t get in any other way.” This understanding led him to devote significant attention to the musical aspects of his productions, despite his lack of technical musical knowledge.

Walt Disney possessed an uncanny ability to know exactly what style of music would enhance a particular scene. He encouraged his animators to study music, recognizing its natural rhythms as fundamental to creating compelling animation. Two of his legendary “nine old men,” Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, noted that music was “undoubtedly the most important addition” to any production, giving it “integrity, style, emphasis, meaning and unity.”

Music is undoubtedly the most important addition that will be made to the picture. It can do more to bring a production to life, to give it integrity, style, emphasis, meaning and unity, than any other single ingredient. With the surge of a full orchestra, there will be bigness and majesty and soaring spirits; with a nervous, fluttering melody line on a single instrument, or pulsating drumbeats, there will be agitation, apprehension, suspicion. Music can build tension in commonplace scenes or ease it in ones that have become visually too frightening.

Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, “Disney Animation: Illusion of Life”

Walt’s appreciation for music was so complete that he built entire films around it. Fantasia stands as perhaps his most ambitious musical project, challenging his animators to create visual interpretations of classical masterpieces. Under his guidance, Disney composers and songwriters continually pushed boundaries, developing innovative techniques for synchronizing music with animation – methods still used throughout the film industry today.

This pioneering spirit extended beyond mere technical achievements. Disney’s music typically carried messages of hope and touched universal human emotions. As one Disney songwriter observed, Walt’s most successful films “had heart” and “would reach out and touch one of our human emotions.” This emotional resonance helped ensure that Disney films weren’t just for children but rather touched the child in everyone.

The Disney musical tradition has continued to evolve long after Walt’s time. In the 1990s, the company successfully transitioned to Broadway, beginning with Beauty and the Beast and followed by critical successes like The Lion King. Simultaneously, home video and DVD releases brought Disney music directly into households worldwide, further cementing these songs in popular culture.

Even rival animators acknowledged Disney’s musical innovations. Chuck Jones of Warner Brothers fame noted that “practically every tool we use today was originated at the Disney studio.” Disney films didn’t simply evolve gradually – they made quantum leaps that took both animation and film music to new heights.

Walt Disney once wrote, “I cannot think of the pictorial story without thinking about the complementary music which will fulfill it.” As film historian Leonard Maltin observed, music wasn’t merely “a key ingredient” of Walt Disney’s success – it was “the foundation” of it. Though he couldn’t read music or play an instrument, Disney possessed an innate musicality and understood intuitively how music could enhance storytelling.

This emotional resonance is a cornerstone of the Disney brand. By tapping into universal emotions like love, loss, joy, and hope, Disney music creates a shared experience that transcends cultural and linguistic barriers. When a child hears “A Whole New World” from Aladdin, they are not simply listening to a song; they are transported to a realm of wonder and possibility. This emotional connection fosters a sense of loyalty and affection for the Disney brand, creating lifelong fans who carry these cherished memories with them.

The strategic use of music in live-action films further reinforces this brand identity. While the transition from animation required a more nuanced approach, Disney successfully adapted its musical legacy for a new medium. The live-action Beauty and the Beast (2017) not only honored the beloved animated score but also expanded upon it, creating a richer, more immersive musical experience. The power of these musical revivals is immense, each song an emotional touchstone to preexisting beloved works, therefore enforcing brand loyalty, and the emotional response.

In the theme parks, music becomes an integral part of the immersive experience. From the nostalgic melodies of Main Street, U.S.A., to the adventurous themes of Adventureland, music is carefully curated to transport guests to different worlds. Attractions like “it’s a small world” rely on music to create a sense of unity and shared experience, while the “Grim Grinning Ghosts” theme from “The Haunted Mansion” adds a playful layer of spookiness to the ride. This careful orchestration of sound enhances the storytelling, creating a sense of wonder and excitement that leaves a lasting impression.

The reach of Disney music extends beyond the confines of its films and parks, permeating popular culture. Iconic songs have been covered by countless artists, featured in numerous films and television shows, and used to evoke emotions in countless everyday moments. This ubiquity reinforces the Disney brand as a cultural touchstone, a symbol of magic and emotional resonance.

In essence, music is the emotional glue that binds the Disney experience together. It’s the key that unlocks the door to imagination, the force that amplifies the joy, and the language that speaks to the heart. This unwavering commitment to musical excellence has been instrumental in building the Disney brand into a global icon, a symbol of magic and emotional connection that will continue to resonate for generations to come.

This musical magic continues to resonate today, providing an experience that’s accessible to people of all ages around the world. To experience Disney is, fundamentally, to experience music.

Part of a regular series on 27gen, entitled Wednesday Weekly Reader.

During my elementary school years one of the things I looked forward to the most was the delivery of “My Weekly Reader,” a weekly educational magazine designed for children and containing news-based current events.

It became a regular part of my love for reading, and helped develop my curiosity about the world around us.

Reading Between the Ears: Synoptical Reading, Leadership, and the Magic of Disney

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Reading is a passion I treasure, and one that I am thankful my father instilled in me.

I love (and practice) the 4 different levels of reading as espoused by Mortimer Adler in his great book, How to Read a Book, but I really like to latch onto a topic and practice synoptical reading. Also known as comparative reading, it is where many books are read, and placed in relation to one another and to a subject about which they all revolve.

For many years, an ongoing topic of synoptical reading has been about Walt Disney (the man) and the “kingdom” he founded.

Under the watchful eye of Engineer Mickey, here’s my new stack of Disney reading that I’m kicking off 2024:

  • The Art of Walt Disney (Disney 100 Celebration Edition)
  • Disney Book of Maps: A Guide to the Magical Worlds of Disney Animation
  • Drawing 100 Years of Disney Wonder
  • The Disney Book (Disney 100 Edition)
  • Hyperion Historical Alliance Annual 2023
  • Disney 100 Storybook Collection
  • Disney, Culture, and Curriculum
  • Disneyland Historical Highlights: 1954-1972
  • The Mouse That Roared
  • Disney Magic: Business Strategy You Can Use at Work and Home

A wonderful collection of older books recently acquired, revised editions celebrating Disney’s 100th anniversary, and brand new works, these books will provide hours of amazing insight into the Disney story.

With these acquisitions, my Disney library is approaching 500 volumes, dating from 1939 to current releases – and I’m still actively researching the subject, regularly discovering new authors and books.

I get it, I really do. Some people think that using anything associated with Walt Disney and the company he created, as it exists today, to illustrate practices for leaders - especially church leaders -is wrong.

I respectfully disagree.

Churches need to look at sources of excellence in any area that can help them fulfill their mission and vision.

In the area of Hospitality and Guest Experiences, there are many great organizations that excel at customer service or guest services. Most of them learned it from a single source.

There is only one organization, in my opinion, that consistently delivers exceptional Guest Experiences, continually upping their game.

That organization is the Walt Disney Company.

Another objection I often hear: “Sure, Disney does a good job; they have a bazillion dollars to spend on keeping Guests happy.” Yes, they do – and I’ve contributed my own share to that bazillion!

But I encourage you to look beyond what you see to the PRINCIPLE behind the action or practice, and more often than not you will find something that you can apply in your organization.

In other words, Excellence Scales.

That’s why I’m reading these books!

#wednesdayweeklyreader #disney #books #bookstagram #reading

Part of a regular series on 27gen, entitled Wednesday Weekly Reader.

During my elementary school years one of the things I looked forward to the most was the delivery of “My Weekly Reader,” a weekly educational magazine designed for children and containing news-based, current events.

It became a regular part of my love for reading, and helped develop my curiosity about the world around us.

Disney at 100: Looking Back, Moving Forward

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I can never stand still.
I must explore and experiment…
I resent the limitations of my own imagination.

Walt Disney

There is a blueprint to The Walt Disney Company: the primacy of story, the focus on character, the thrill of adventure, the attention to placemaking, the wonders of the world around us, the magic in beautiful music, and the excitement of experimentation and innovation.

These concepts are what made Walt Disney’s creations so unique and special, and they are still the heart and soul of the stories and experiences that The Walt Disney Company produces today.

With Walt’s shining philosophy as its guiding star, The Walt Disney Company will alway be moving forward to sharing its stories, amaze it fans, and make dreams come true. Even one hundred years is just a beginning.

In the vast landscape of entertainment and creativity, few names evoke the same sense of wonder and nostalgia as the Walt Disney Company. As we celebrate its 100th anniversary, it’s a momentous occasion that calls for reflection and celebration. For a century, Disney has been a beacon of innovation and imagination, enchanting audiences of all ages with its timeless stories, beloved characters, and groundbreaking achievements.

The journey of the Walt Disney Company is not just a corporate success story; it’s a testament to the power of dreams and the relentless pursuit of excellence. Founded in 1923 by Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney, this modest studio in Hollywood has grown into a global entertainment empire, touching the hearts of millions around the world. From the first synchronized sound cartoon, Steamboat Willie, to the much anticipated Wish coming in November, Disney’s influence on animation, film, television, and theme parks has been nothing short of remarkable.

But the significance of Disney extends beyond its business prowess. It’s a cultural touchstone, a source of inspiration, and a cherished part of countless childhoods. It’s a place where dreams come true and where imagination knows no bounds.

In this commemorative series, we embarked on a journey through time, exploring the key milestones, innovations, and moments that have defined the Walt Disney Company’s first century. From the early beginnings that saw the birth of Mickey Mouse to the digital age of streaming and global expansion, each era of Disney’s history holds its unique charm and significance.

We examined the creative genius of Walt Disney, the resilience of the company during challenging times, and the visionary leadership that has kept the magic alive for a hundred years. As we celebrate this remarkable milestone, we can’t help but ponder what the future holds for Disney and how it continues to shape the world of entertainment.

Disney at 100 Article List

As we bring our journey through the 100-year history of the Walt Disney Company to a close, we are left with a profound sense of wonder and admiration for the enduring magic that this iconic company has brought to the world. From its humble beginnings in a small office on Kingswell Avenue to its current status as a global entertainment conglomerate, Disney’s journey is nothing short of remarkable.

The Magic of Storytelling

At the heart of Disney’s success lies the magic of storytelling. It’s a magic that has transported us to enchanted forests, under the sea, to galaxies far, far away, and beyond. It’s a magic that has introduced us to unforgettable characters who have become a part of our lives. Disney’s commitment to storytelling excellence has transcended generations, proving that good stories are timeless.

Innovation and Adaptation

Disney’s ability to innovate and adapt to changing times has been a key driver of its success. From the introduction of synchronized sound in “Steamboat Willie” to the acquisition of Pixar, Marvel, and Lucasfilm, Disney has consistently pushed the boundaries of what’s possible in entertainment. The launch of Disney+ and the streaming revolution is another testament to Disney’s willingness to embrace new technologies and platforms.

The Legacy of Imagination

The legacy of Disney is not just about the past but also about the future. It’s about inspiring generations of dreamers, creators, and innovators to believe in the power of imagination. As the company celebrates its 100th anniversary, it remains committed to fostering creativity and investing in the talent of the future.

The Joy of Shared Experiences

Disney has always been about more than just entertainment; it’s about shared experiences. Whether it’s families coming together to watch a beloved Disney film, friends embarking on adventures in theme parks, or fans connecting over a shared love for iconic characters, Disney has created moments of joy and togetherness that are cherished for a lifetime.

The Promise of the Future

As we look to the future, the Walt Disney Company stands as a symbol of hope, inspiration, and endless possibilities. With plans for new theme park experiences, innovative content on Disney+, and a commitment to diversity and inclusion, Disney continues to shape the world of entertainment and storytelling.

The 100th Anniversary Celebration

As we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Walt Disney Company, we honor a century of creativity, innovation, and magic. Disney has been a source of joy and inspiration for millions, and its impact on the world of entertainment and popular culture is immeasurable.

So, here’s to the dreamers, the believers, and the magic-makers who have brought us a century of enchantment. Remember that the magic of Disney is not bound by time or place—it’s a timeless, ever-evolving force that continues to capture the hearts of young and old alike.

What must concern us more thoughtfully is subject matter…We must appeal to a far wider range of audience interest than ever before.

Walt Disney

In bidding farewell to this journey through Disney’s history, I eagerly anticipate the stories yet to be told, the dreams yet to be realized, and the joy yet to be shared.

Happy 100th anniversary, Disney – it’s a century worth celebrating!

Walt was alway ahead of any of us, searching for new procedures, new forms of entertainment.

Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, Animators, Disney Legends, and coauthors of The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation

Disney at 100: The Leadership Lessons from Walt Disney

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Courage is the main quality of leadership, in my opinion, no matter where it is exercised. Usually it implies some risk – especially in new undertakings. Courage to initiate something and to keep it going – pioneering and adventurous spirit to blaze new ways.

Walt Disney

Walt Disney was no stranger to adversity and even failure.

The setbacks, tough times, and even failures of Walt Disney are well-documented. In every case, he led the company bearing his name to greater success in spite of adversity.

March 2020 was a sobering, disconcerting time to be a Cast Member of any Disney organization. As the reality of the COVID pandemic set in, I had conversations with both current and former Cast Members, and to a person, there was been one trait that stood out.

Optimism.

Even when it was hard to see in the increasing numbers of Cast Members laid off, the curtailment of operations, the postponement of work in progress, and the likely cancellation of future planning, optimism is the underlying strength of the Walt Disney Company.

Even now, three years later, there have continued to be many ups and downs.

So where does the optimism come from?

Jim Korkis was a Disney historian and long-time writer and teacher about Walt Disney and the organization he created. Who’s the Leader of the Club: Walt Disney’s Leadership Lessons is a departure for Korkis in that his usual subject matter was about the culture and history of Disney, a topic which he is uniquely qualified to write about.

As a boy, he grew up grew up in Glendale, California, which just happened to be located next to Burbank – the home of the Disney Studios. Korkis was an inquisitive and undaunted fan of Disney who not only watched the weekly Disney television series but took the initiative to write down the names he saw on the end credits.

He matched passion with inquisitiveness and began to look for those names in the local phonebook. Upon finding one, he would call the individual up and ask them about their work. Many were gracious enough to invite Korkis to their homes where he spent hours being enthralled by their stories of their work at the Disney organization.

Fast forward decades, where you will find that Korkis relocated to Orlando FL to take care of aging parents. In his own words,

I got a job at Walt Disney World that included assisting with the professional business programs, where I met many executives who had worked with Walt Disney and been trained by him.

I was often called on to research, design and facilitate customized programs for different Disney clients like Feld Entertainment, Kodak, Toys “R” Us and more that touched on both the connections of the individual companies to Disney history, as well as how Walt did business.

I was tapped to do this work because of my knowledge of Walt Disney and his approach to business.

I got the opportunity to meet with some of Walt’s “original cast.” I was enthralled by their stories and experiences and took detailed notes. Hearing stories about how Walt led and how he expected others to lead with compassion, integrity and common sense made a huge impact on me.

Twenty years later, the result was Who’s the Leader of the Club.

Korkis goes to great lengths to use Walt Disney’s own words, from a variety of published and unpublished interviews, as well as the words of those who personally experienced him in action, to help elaborate and describe the basic concepts.

In doing so, Korkis delivered to us a refreshing breath of fresh air – a business book using the words and actions of a rare genius that are glaringly absent from most organizations today.

68 years after Walt Disney’s death, and on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Disney Company, his achievements and legacy continue to inspire new generations.

In my case, it’s actually to re-inspire older generations! As a Baby Boomer, I grew up with “The Wonderful World of Disney” as a weekly television show. As a child, I was taken to see most of the Disney films of the 60’s and early 70’s. As a teenager, I took myself – and then, once I became a father, took my family to see those movies. Though I only visited Walt Disney World once as a teenager, I maintained a fascination with the Disney organization that has continued to grow through the years.

In the early 2000s my vocational role as a consultant with churches took on a specific niche – a focus on guest experiences. That lead to a Disney immersion of research, books, films, on-site visits, and conversations with Disney Cast Members past and present. Over the past decade plus, I have spent over 100 days on Disney properties from coast to coast – and on the oceans. My Disney library numbers over 475+ volumes – the oldest released in 1939; the newest released in the last few weeks.

Vital to that immersion was the work of Jim Korkis – through his books and writings for and about Walt Disney and the Disney organization.

By his own admission, Who’s the Leader of the Club was the most difficult book Korkis has ever written. That may be true from his perspective, but the words and stories flow off the page and into the reader’s conscience in an almost imperceptible manner.

Leaders of any organization would do well to settle in with Who’s the Leader of the Club, and be prepared for a story-filled journey of insight into one of the most creative geniuses of recent history.

Along with the stories the reader will find seven “lessons” about Walt Disney’s leadership. Best of all, Korkis concludes each of the “lesson” chapters with a one page checklist called “What Would Walt Do?” summarizing the key points in the lesson and a space to write notes.

For those who are more curious about the chapters in the book, here is the Table of Contents:

Section One: Disney And Leadership

  • Who Was Walt Disney?
  • What Type of Leader was Walt?
  • Leaders and Managers: Walt and Roy
  • Roy O. Disney and Manager Skills
  • Walt Disney and Leadership Skills

Section Two: Leadership Lessons

  • Lesson One: Know The Story
  • Lesson Two: Share The Story
  • Lesson Three: Take a (Calculated) Risk
  • Lesson Four: Make ‘Em Laugh
  • Lesson Five: Eager To Learn
  • Lesson Six: Understand People
  • Lesson Seven: Live The Story (Integrity)

Section Three: Additional Guidance

  • Walt’s Bad Leadership Traits
  • Walt’s Advice to Leaders
  • Create Leaders
  • Letting People Go
  • Walt and Money
  • Do You Know Your Story?
  • Remembering Walt’s Leadership (Quotes from those who worked for Walt)
  • Final Words from Walt (Quotes from Walt not previously used in the book)
  • Recommended Reading
  • Quotation Sources

Of course, when Korkis wrote the book, he could not have anticipated the  uncertainty caused by the disruption to the Disney “kingdoms” around the world by the pandemic in 2020 and the ongoing uncertainties since then.

Disney emerged from the pandemic a greatly-changed organization – and future generations of families – and leaders – will benefit from it. Recent announcements highlight a 60 billion dollar investment in Disney properties around the world. Only time will tell if they come to fruition.

After all, Walt Disney himself went through countless setbacks, and even failures, before the launch of the Walt Disney Company in 1923…

…and look what that has brought to the world in the 100 years since!

What are you waiting for? It’s time to join the “club!”

J. Jeff Kober’s book, “Disney, Leadership, and You” is an excellent work that more than delivers on its title.

Drawing from an inquisitive mind and keen insight, Kober has nearly five decades experience with Walt Disney – from both within and without the company – which provide a very readable, practical, and thoroughly enjoyable leadership book that you will find yourself returning to time and again for just the right nugget to use.

I have known of Jeff for years through his writing, and several years ago was grateful to meet him and engage his services for an immersive park experience with a group I was leading. The warmth, wit, and sheer knowledge of Disney, coupled with his ability to instantly link it to practical applications of my group, was one of the highlights of our experience. That same experience has been translated into this book.

If you are a leader in any size or type of organization, the stories Jeff Kober has captured in “Disney, Leadership, and You” should be a valuable addition to your library, a source of personal encouragement, and a wealth of practical training for both you and your team.

The book is divided into four sections:

  1. Defining Leadership
  2. Leaders Attain Results
  3. Leaders Build Relationships
  4. Putting It All Together

In those four sections you will find 18 themed chapters, each chock full of leadership principles illustrated with stories of Disney leaders from all ranks. The principles are solid in themselves, but what makes them memorable is the stories of the Cast Members.

The stories and principles perfectly describe how Disney Cast Members create magic each day through their hard work and respect for Walt Disney’s original vision.

You organization is not Disney, but you can learn from their excellence. “Disney, Leadership, and You” is an extraordinary source of lessons and learning to help you make a dramatic impact on why you do, what you do, and how you do it.

Leadership means that a group, large or small, is willing to entrust authority to a person who has shown judgement, wisdom, personal appeal, and proven competence.

Walt Disney

Research

Disney at 100: Examining the Vision of Walt Disney

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Get a good idea, and stay with it. Dog it, and work at it until it’s done, and done right.

Walt Disney

Frequent readers of this site know of my fondness (well, let’s call it what it is – extreme fanaticism) for the genius of Walt Disney and the amazing “kingdom” that bears his name. Recently, I’ve been researching the early history of animation at Disney through various sources, mostly first-person accounts of the animators from the 1930s.

When I had the opportunity, I also spent a few days in Anaheim, CA at Disneyland and Disney California Adventure. In a unique dining experience while talking with Cast Members, I was reminded again of the vision Walt Disney exercised to bring Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to life.

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Tucked inside the entrance gates to Disney’s California Adventure is an iconic reproduction of the Carthay Circle Theater in Los Angeles. One of the most important theaters in the Golden Age of Movies during the Twenties and Thirties, it represents the premier of a tremendous achievement by Walt Disney – the first full length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Though we now view Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs as an animation classic, in the mid-1930’s the idea of a full-length “cartoon” was unheard of. Walt Disney took one of the biggest risks of his career, putting almost all of his resources – both business and personal – into the film. Called “Disney’s Folly” by most of Hollywood (and more than a few inside Disney Studios itself), the film opened to critical and financial success, paving the way for Disney to continue expanding his creative genius.

With critics becoming more vocal, Walt Disney knew he would have to inspire his team of artists and writers as never before.

The rest is history…

Ken Anderson, Art Director for Snow White, remembered it this way:

Walt approached a group of employees late one afternoon, gave each of them fifty cents, told them to grab dinner across the street and then return to the soundstage that evening. None had any idea of what Walt had in mind.

When they arrived and took their seats on wooden tiers at the back of the room, Walt was standing at the front lit by a single spotlight in the otherwise dark space.

Announcing that he was going to launch an animated feature, he told the story of Snow White, not just telling it but acting it out, assuming the character; mannerisms, putting on their voices, letting his audience visualize exactly what they would be seeing on the screen. 

He became Snow White and the wicked queen and the prince and each of the dwarfs.

Anderson said the performance took over three hours. One animator later claimed, “that one performance lasted us three years. Whenever we’d get stuck, we’d remember how Walt did it on that night.”

– Neal Gabler, “Walt Disney-The Triumph of the American Imagination”

But there’s more to the story…

Along about the same time, Disney demonstrated his vision in another way. The new medium of television, though in its infancy, was growing.

According to Keith Gluck, writing for The Walt Disney Family Museum,

Before Walt Disney even understood the new medium of television, he still had the foresight to invest in it. Walt had learned from dealing with shady characters in the past to pay close attention to contracts. When his distribution deal with United Artists was coming to a close, he chose not to renew. UA was insisting on the television rights to all Disney cartoons. “I don’t know what television is, and I’m not going to sign away anything I don’t know about,” Walt said. He ended up signing with RKO Pictures in late 1935.

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs premiered in 1937, distributed by RKO Pictures. It was a smashing success, and was later given an honorary Academy Award for its groundbreaking achievements. It was no typical Oscar, either – the award instead was one statuette with seven miniature statuettes!

There’s one more piece to this vision puzzle…

Over a decade later, Walt’s interest in television began to develop. In 1948 he spent a week in New York with the specific purpose of watching and learning more about television. By the time he returned to the Studio, he was convinced it was just the forum to help promote his work. He even told Studio Nurse Hazel George, “Television is the coming thing.” While other movie studios were trying to think of ways to thwart the coming of television, Walt was gearing up to embrace it. 

 – Keith Gluck, The Walt Disney Family Museum

By being the first studio producer to become involved with the fledgling medium of television, Disney was able to leverage that partnership into a financing arrangement that allowed him to bring another dream to reality – Disneyland.

Walt had a grander vision of what his shows could do on ABC, and how they could be used to promote Disneyland. Despite pressure from the other studios, Walt and Roy Disney signed a contact with Leonard Goldenson of ABC, in which the network put up $500,000 in cash, guarantee $4.5 million in loans, and receive one-third ownership in Disneyland (which it later sold back to Disney).

– J. Jeff Kober, Disney’s Hollywood Studios: From Show Biz to Your Biz

With the opening of Disneyland in 1955, Walt’s vision and imagination took on a reality that people could see, hear, and feel – an experience that changed entertainment forever.

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Walt Disney’s Vision Lesson for Leaders Today

Walt Disney’s unique vision, personalized in the telling of Snow White, demonstrated in the far-reaching aspects of a contract, and brought to life at Disneyland, can be a model for leaders today.

What vision is burning inside of you, a vision that can captivate your team, influence the influential, and be brought to life in your community?

People often ask me if I know the secret of success and if I could tell others how to make their dreams come true. My answer is you do it by working.

Walt Disney

References

Disney at 100: Bringing the Story to Life

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From blue sky ideation, to pencil on paper, to digital models, to plaster and paint, Imagineers build dreams. They never say “never,” and the sky is not the limit. That quest has created a new art form and a new kind of artist, one whose canvas is the world itself and whose tools are whatever it takes to turn that world into a fantastic, enveloping story.

Leslie Iwerks, “The Imagineering Story”

The books in my Disney library are a valuable resource for my ongoing quest in learning the story of Walt Disney and the “kingdoms” he created; kingdoms that continue to expand in the 57 years since his passing.

But even books have limitations…

You can dream, create, design, and build the most wonderful place in the world…but it requires people to make the dream a reality.

Walt Disney

Over the years I have been fortunate to make friends among Disney Cast Members, both current and past. A handful of those friends have been Imagineers, and as you may imagine, they are amazing storytellers, creative geniuses, and innovative to the core.

So…learning more about Imagineering? Sign me up – literally!

When the news that a new steaming service called Disney+ was coming in the fall of 2019, I was delighted – so much, that I signed up for a 3-year subscription as soon as they became available.

When the initial programming schedule was released, and included the 6-part series “The Imagineering Story,” I was ecstatic – it was among the first programs I watched on the new service.

When the book The Imagineering Story was announced, I was literally stopped what I was doing and pre-ordered the book.

There’s really no secret about our approach. We keep moving forward – opening new doors and doing new things – because we’re curious. And curiosity keeps leading us down new paths. We’re always exploring and experimenting…we call it Imagineering – the blending of creative imaginational and technical know-how.

Walt Disney

The Imagineering Story continues the behind-the-scenes journeys first revealed in the books Walt Disney Imagineering: A Behind the Dreams Look at Making the Magic Real (1995) and its sequel Walt Disney Imagineering: A Behind the Dreams Look at Making MORE Magic Real (2010).

The book goes deep into the personalities, stories, and adventures of the men and women who brought create magic around the world.

More than just the theme parks (though that would have been awesome enough), every resort hotel, shop and business setting, cruise ship, and entertainment setting exists largely through the men and women of Disney Imagineering.

The Imagineering Story greatly expands the award-winning filmmaker Leslie Iwerks’ narrative of the fascinating history of Walt Disney Imagineering.

The entire legacy of Walt Disney Imagineering is covered from day one through future projects with never-before-seen access and insights from people both on the inside and on the outside. So many stories and details were left on the cutting room floor for the series – this book allows an expanded exploration of the magic of Imagineering.

Every one of the 731 pages was filled with stories that brought the Disney Experience alive.

The experience of Disney – primarily in the theme parks, but now expanded to other resorts, retail shops, and cruise ships – can be traced back to Walt Disney. His untimely death in 1966 could have left a void in the creativity of the Disney empire.

But I believe his greatest act of genius had its origins in 1952, as he began to pull together veterans of film and animation work for a special project that came to be known as Disneyland.

That group of versatile animators and art directors was the foundation of a group that came to be called the Imagineers.

Out of this group, Disney historian Tim Hauser reflects, “came the theories, aesthetics, design, and engineering of Disneyland; the advancement of three-dimensional storytelling; the development of robotic techniques in Audio-Animatronics; and the perpetuation of an ‘architecture of reassurance’ as inspired by Walt Disney’s personal sense of optimistic futurism.”

Today Walt Disney Imagineering remains the design, development, and master-planning branch of company, with over 140 disciplines working toward the common goal of great stories and creating great places.

Walt Disney wanted Disneyland to be essentially a movie that allows you to walk in and join in the fun. Imagineers – many whom had worked with Walt Disney since the 1930s – literally brought those movies to life with their multiple disciplines. He knew from his filmmaking experience that story was everything to the audience. Disney knew he must immerse the theme park guest in living storytelling scenarios.

Designing the Guest’s experience is what Walt Disney’s Imagineers came to call “the art of the show,” a term that applies to what the Imagineers did at every level, from the broadest conceptual outlines to the smallest details, encompassing visual storytelling, characters, and the use of color.

Walt Disney realized that a visit to an amusement park could be like a theatrical experience – in a word, a show. Walt saw that the Guests’ sense of progressing through a narrative, of living out a story told visually, could link together the great variety of attractions he envisioned for his new kind of park. While traveling through their stories, Guests would encounter, and even interact with, their favorite Disney characters, and who would be transformed, as if by magic, from their two-dimensional film existence into this special three-dimensional story world.

As designers, the Imagineers create spaces – guided experiences that take place in carefully structured environments, allowing the Guests to see, hear, smell, touch, and taste in new ways. In effect, Imagineers transform a space into a story place.

Ultimately, the Imagineers gave Guests a place to play, something Walt believed that adults needed as much as children. The design of the Imagineers gives power to the Guests’ imagination, to transcend their everyday routine. Walt Disney insisted that Guests should “feel better because of” their experiences in Disney theme parks, thus establishing the art of the show.

For the Imagineers, that meant considering everything within and relating to the parks as design elements. To build effective story environments and assure Guest comfort, the designers realize that they always had to assume the Guests’ position and point of view, and just as Walt did, to take the Guests’ interests to heart and defend them when others didn’t think it mattered.

It is up to the designers to provide Guests with the appropriate sensory information that makes each story environment convincing. This means that design considerations go beyond the attractions themselves to the service and operations staff, transportation, restaurants, shops, rest rooms – even the trash cans.

Everything Begins With a Story

Storytelling has played a vital role in our survival – allowing us to share information, knowledge, and values from generation to generation. Story is the medium through which we receive our early learning as to right and wrong, good versus evil, reward and punishment, social values, etc.

We respond to storytelling. It engages our attention; no matter how old we get, who doesn’t love a good story?

Understanding this, Walt Disney utilized a technique in the early days of his cartoon films that helped illustrate the flow and continuity of stories – the storyboard.

Storyboards are tools that allowed Walt and his artists to envision a film prior to production. It allowed his team to have a shared vision of the story they were telling and how it would unfold. As a bonus to driving the creative development, it also offered a cost-effective way to experiment with a film early on, so that when production began, costs could be minimized.

Decades later, the tradition of storyboards continues on, though it has long expanded past just films. At Walt Disney Imagineering, rides, shows, and films for Disney’s theme parks around the world are the objects of regular storyboarding.

For each ride, show, or attraction, a logical story sequence is created. Almost every aspect of a project is broken sown into progressive seen sketches, called storyboard panels, that reflect the beginning, middle, and end of a Guest’s park experience.

The boards are eventually covered with every written thought, idea, and rough sketch the Imagineers can come up with.

Starting with brainstorm sessions, the Imagineer’s first thoughts, ideas, images, and feelings about the story they are creating are captured on note cards and quick sketches. For example, here’s an early sketch of Animal Kingdom’s Tree of Life:

courtesy Disney Imagineering

The beauty of the Tree is matched by its engineering marvels as well. It is a massive structure, towering 145 feet into the air with a full canopy of natural-looking leaves, enclosing a 420-seat theater and meeting all building codes, including withstanding 145 mph winds. The engineering feats accomplished, it was time for the  Imagineering team of sculptors to create the magnificent bark of the tree – which is actually representations of animals. That process alone took almost a full year.

courtesy Orlando Sentinel

One of the most amazing pieces of art ever created by Disney’s Imagineers, it is beautiful and meaningful, and captures the essence of Animal Kingdom at a glance. It’s a poetic statement of the majesty of nature, the stunning diversity of animals, and our respect for our place in the world. As you approach the tree and the animal forms begin to reveal themselves, it becomes clear that there is almost no tree at all. That tree is the animal kingdom.

The experience of viewing the Tree of Life is like looking for animals in the clouds. The longer you look, the more you see – maybe even all 325 of them! This effect is the result of very careful planning during the design phase with the use of storyboards.

The storyboards are worked, re-worked, rearranged, and edited until the story is strong and clear. Only then will production proceed – with stunning results:

At Walt Disney Imagineering, everything they do revolves around the story – and storyboards have remained an essential tool in helping them tell the story.

That is the power of story – it is an experience that enables us to escape to another world, to be captivated and be in the moment.

The secret to Disney magic that the Imagineers bring to life is in the story!

Recently celebrating their 70th anniversary, the Imagineers have delivered – time and time again. To date, the Imagineers have built twelve theme parks; dozens of resort hotels; 5 cruise ships with two more under construction; 2 water parks; and ongoing development in existing parks and Disney properties around the world.

The Imagineers bring the Disney magic alive.

The Imagineering Story brings the Imagineers to life.

I have a hard time ranking the books in my Disney library – but The Imagineering Story is going to be in my all-time Top Ten from now on, and a highly-recommended book for anyone who wants a deeper understanding of the creative genius (and occasionally weirdness) of that special and unique blend of artists and engineers who took the dreams of one man, Walt Disney, and brought them to life. 

Walt was a storyteller above all. Walt didn’t write the stories but he envisioned them. He told stories better than anyone else around and he got the people around him to turn his stories into movies and theme park attractions.

Imagineer X. Atencio

References