From their simple beginnings to their status as a beloved treat, donuts have an undeniably sweet spot in American history. These delicious rings of fried dough have evolved from a simple snack to an icon of comfort food culture. As we embark on this sugary journey in anticipation of the upcoming National Donut Day on Friday, June 7, let’s explore the fascinating history of donuts in America.
A quick note: the spelling of doughnut and donut will be used interchangeably depending on the use from the source. No matter how you spell it, the taste is what matters!
Early Beginnings: Dutch Influence and the “Olykoek”
The story of the doughnut in America begins with Dutch settlers in the early 18th century. They brought with them recipes for “olykoeks,” which translates to “oil cakes”—a simple concoction of dough balls fried in pork fat. These early versions were not the perfect rings we know today but rather crude, often heavy balls of dough with a slightly raw center.
In Glazed America: A History of the Doughnut, author Paul R. Mullins notes that these early doughnuts were enjoyed by families and communities during social gatherings, highlighting their role as a communal treat long before they became a commercial product.
The Invention of the Hole: A Delicious Innovation
The iconic donut hole was purportedly invented in 1847 by a young American sailor named Hanson Gregory. Frustrated with the undercooked centers of traditional donuts, Gregory had the brilliant idea of punching a hole in the middle, ensuring even cooking throughout. This simple yet revolutionary change transformed the donut into the perfect ring-shaped confection we love today.
In his book Donuts: An American Passion, author John T. Edge explores this anecdote, emphasizing how Gregory’s practical solution paved the way for the modern donut. The innovation allowed for consistent texture and easier mass production, which would become crucial as donuts entered the commercial sphere.
World War I: Donuts on the Front Lines
Donuts gained further prominence during World War I, thanks to the Salvation Army “Doughnut Lassies.” These brave women served donuts to soldiers on the front lines, providing a taste of home and boosting morale. The simple pleasure of a fresh donut offered comfort amidst the chaos of war.
A look at the history of the Salvation Army delves into this period, illustrating how the Doughnut Lassies not only fed the troops but also solidified the donut’s place in American culture. The soldiers returned home with a newfound appreciation for the treat, sparking a nationwide craving.
The Rise of the Donut Shop: Krispy Kreme, Dunkin’ and Beyond
The post-war era saw a boom in donut shops across America. Adolph Levitt began selling fried doughnuts from his bakery in 1920. Unable to keep up with the demand, he created a mechanical gadget in which the dough rings travelled along a channel overflowing with boiling oil and then once cooked, ascended a moving ramp before falling into a basket. In 1934, the World’s Fair in Chicago proclaimed donuts “the hit food of the Century of Progress,” propelling them into the culinary spotlight. Donuts were celebrated for their affordability, convenience, and deliciousness.
In 1937, in a rustic clapboard building on South Main Street in Winston-Salem, NC, Vernon Rudolph fried up the first original glazed Krispy Kreme doughnut. What began as a hole-in-the wall has blossomed into one of the world’s premier doughnut companies, a global cult icon and intriguing brand. In March of this year, McDonald’s and Krispy Kreme announced a sweet update for doughnut fans everywhere: Fans will begin spotting Krispy Kreme doughnuts in their local McDonalds’s restaurants as part of a phased market rollout across the country.
Dunkin’ Donuts, founded in 1950 by William Rosenberg, played a pivotal role in popularizing donuts. With its focus on freshness and variety, Dunkin’ Donuts transformed the humble treat into a ubiquitous American staple. The brand’s catchy slogan, “America Runs on Dunkin’,” reinforced the donut’s role in daily life.
Modern Day: Gourmet Trends and Timeless Classics
Today, the donut landscape is more diverse than ever. Artisanal donut shops offer gourmet creations with unique flavors and high-quality ingredients, appealing to foodies and traditionalists alike. From bacon maple bars to matcha-glazed rings, modern donuts cater to a wide range of tastes and preferences.
Yet, despite these innovations, the classic glazed donut remains a favorite. Its simplicity and nostalgia evoke the essence of what makes donuts special: comfort, joy, and a touch of indulgence.
The history of donuts in America is a testament to their enduring appeal. From Dutch settlers to modern-day gourmet bakers, each era has contributed to the rich tapestry of donut lore. So next time you savor a donut, remember that you’re partaking in a delicious slice of American history.
In anticipation of National Donut Day coming up on Friday, June 7, here’s a baker’s dozen books from my library that will be a great addition to accompany your next sugary sweet donut snack:
Part of a regular series on 27gen, entitled Wednesday Weekly Reader.
During my elementary school years one of the things I looked forward to the most was the delivery of “My Weekly Reader,” a weekly educational magazine designed for children and containing news-based current events.
It became a regular part of my love for reading, and helped develop my curiosity about the world around us.
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